MUST DO ALL DO AT LEA ST 2

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Kick Off Activity

Classification of Igneous Rocks (Pg. 2)

The Foundation

Igneous Reading with Question Sheet (Pg. 3-5)

Scheme for Igneous Rock Identification – ESRT Page 6

Video: Mr. White’s Website Questions: In Packet (Pg. 6-8)

ESRT Page 6 Practice (Pg. 9-10)

Hands–On

Igneous Rock Identification Lab (Pg. 11-14)

Tune-Up Activities

Crossword Puzzle (Pg. 15)

Flashcards (In Classroom)

Igneous Rocks Review Sheet (Pg. 16-17)

Online Self-Check Quiz ( Mr. White’s Website)

Check For

Understanding

Quizzes

SCORE: Quiz 1 _______ Quiz 2 _______ Quiz 3 _______

*You must get a 100% on a quiz to move on to extension activities.

*A 100% on a quiz will earn you a grade of 80% for the workbook.

Extension

Activities

Bowen’s Reaction Series (Pg. 18-19 )

The Granite Countertop (Pg. 20)

The Company of Rocks (Pg. 21-22)

Composition of Igneous Rocks - PowerPoint (Pg. 23 )

Regents Diagrams-What are they telling me (Pg. 24-26)

NAME: _______________________

5 Pts.

10 Pts.

5 Pts.

MUST DO ALL

DO AT LEAST 2

If you didn’t get

100%, do more

tune-ups!!!

5 Pts.

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Igneous Rock Classification

1. What properties did you use to classify (group) the igneous rocks?

Group #1 - ____________________________________________

Group #2 - _____________________________________________

Group #3 - _____________________________________________

Wait for teacher direction to complete table below…

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Igneous Rocks

How Igneous Rocks Form

Igneous rocks form from the solidification and crystallization of

molten (melted/liquid) rock, making the rocks solid, compact, and

hard. Beneath the Earth’s surface, molten rock material is called

magma. When the magma reaches the Earth’s surface, it is called

lava. When magma or lava cools and solidifies, mineral crystals

may form, resulting in the igneous rock having a crystalline

texture. Usually there are many different minerals within this

kind of rock.

QUESTIONS:

1. How do igneous rocks form?

_____________________________________________________________________________

2. Compare and contrast magma and lava.

_____________________________________________________________________________

Texture

The texture of the igneous rocks is dependent upon the rate of

cooling. Slow cooling produces large crystals – rocks with a

coarse texture. Rapid cooling produces small crystals – rocks

with a fine texture. When bubbles of gas are in solidifying

lava, holes called vesicles, are formed. Igneous rocks that

contain these holes are said to be vesicular.

QUESTIONS:

1. What determines the texture of an igneous rock?

_____________________________________________________________________________

2. State the relationship between cooling rate and crystal size.

_____________________________________________________________________________

3. If an igneous rock has a “coarse texture,” what would you see?

_____________________________________________________________________________

4. What are vesicles? _____________________________________________________________

Vesicular Igneous Rock

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Intrusive Igneous Rocks

Cooling is related to both temperature and pressure. Deep within the

Earth both temperature and pressure are much greater than at the

surface. Therefore, cooling is slower and crystals have more time to

grow larger. When magma hardens inside the Earth, it is called an

intrusion. The rock formed is called an intrusive igneous rock.

By looking at the size of the crystals in igneous rocks, you can

estimate their relative cooling rates.

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

Rapid (fast) cooling produces small mineral crystals

and a fine textured igneous rock. Very rapid cooling

prevents the formation of crystals and gives the rock a

glassy texture. The conditions for a rapid decrease in

temperature and pressure exist at the surface of the

Earth when lava breaks through the surface during a

volcanic eruption. When lava flows out and hardens

on the Earth’s surface, it is called an extrusion. The

rock formed is called an extrusive igneous rock.

QUESTIONS:

1. Where do intrusive igneous rocks form? __________________________________________

2. Describe the cooling rate, crystal size, and texture of intrusive igneous rocks:

Cooling rate: _____________________ Crystal Size: ______________________

Texture: _______________________________

3. Where do extrusive igneous rocks form? __________________________________________

4. Describe the cooling rate, crystal size, and texture of extrusion igneous rocks:

Cooling rate: _____________________ Crystal Size: ______________________

Texture: _______________________________

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

slow cooling = large crystals and

a coarse texture

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

fast cooling = small or no

crystals.

Fine Texture or Glassy Texture

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Properties of Igneous Rocks

Texture, color, density, and mineral composition are used to

identify igneous rocks. The light colored rocks are made

primarily of felsic minerals such as biotite. Felsic minerals

contain a lot of aluminum and silicon. Aluminum is light in color

and has a low density. As a result, light colored rocks are lower

in density than darker rocks. Dark colored rocks are made

primarily of mafic minerals such as olivine. Mafic minerals are

rich in iron and magnesium which causes darker rocks to be

denser.

QUESTION:

1. Why are light colored igneous rocks usually less dense

than dark colored igneous rocks?

_______________________________________________

Where are they found?

Igneous rocks are common in both the continental and oceanic crust of the Earth. Low density, felsic

igneous rock (granite) is common in the continental crust. Oceanic crust is made primarily of high

density, mafic igneous rock (basalt).

QUESTIONS:

1. What type of igneous rock is most common in the

continental crust?

________________________________________

2. What type of igneous rock is most common in the

oceanic crust?

________________________________________

Felsic

(low density)

Mafic

(high density)

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Scheme for Igneous Rock Identification Video and Questions

The Scheme for Igneous Rock Identification chart (ESRT page 6) can be used to identify igneous

rocks. It can also be used to gather additional information about a rock you have already identified.

The texture, mineral composition, density, crystal size, etc… of an igneous rock is located in the table.

Follow the stared steps to complete this section

You will be watching a video to learn about ESRT page 6. Use a computer to access

Mr. White’s website. Access the video by clicking on the link for IGNEOUS ROCK ONLINE

RESOURCES. Be sure to follow the directions carefully and pause the video at the right time

to answer questions.

Watch the video from the BEGINNING and PAUSE it when you reach the time of 2:25.

Use what you have just learned and the ESRT to answer the questions that follow. Replay this

portion of the video if you need to watch it again!

Using ESRT page 6, you can determine igneous rock texture and environment

of formation based on crystal size.

1. Rocks with a crystal size of 10mm or larger = _______________________ texture.

2. Rocks with a crystal size of 1mm to 10mm = ________________________ texture.

3. Rocks with a crystal size of less than 1mm = ________________________ texture.

4. Rocks without crystals (non-crystalline) = ________________________ texture.

5. What’s another term for INTRUSIVE? ________________ EXTRUSIVE?_______________

6. Describe 3 differences between extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks?

 _____________________________________________________________________

1

2

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Watch the video from 2:25 and PAUSE it when you reach the time of 3:15. Then use what

you have just learned and the ESRT to answer the questions that follow. Replay this portion of

the video if you need to watch it again!

Using ESRT page 6, you can determine if an igneous rock is mafic or felsic,

high in density or low in density, and light in color or dark in color.

1. Describe the color, density, and composition of the rocks on the LEFT side of the chart.

__________________________________________________________________________

2. Describe the color, density, and composition of the rocks on the RIGHT side of the chart.

__________________________________________________________________________

Watch the video from 3:15 and PAUSE it when you reach the time of 4:45. Then use what

you have just learned and the ESRT to answer the questions that follow. Replay this portion of

the video if you need to watch it again!

Using ESRT page 6, you can determine the mineral composition of an igneous rock.

1. Write the 5 minerals that make up the igneous rocks on the LEFT SIDE of the chart.

_____________________________________________________________________________

2. Write the 5 minerals that could be in the igneous rocks located in the MIDDLE of the chart.

_____________________________________________________________________________

3. Write the 5 minerals that could make up the igneous rocks on the RIGHT SIDE of the chart.

_____________________________________________________________________________

3

4

3

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Watch the video from 4:45 until the end. Then use what you have just learned and the ESRT

to answer the questions that follow. Replay this portion of the video if you need to watch it

again!

Check Your Understanding:

1. Which igneous rock has crystal size of less than 1 mm and is light in color? ____________________

2. What is the texture of the rock you named in question 1? _________________________

3. Is the rock intrusive or extrusive? ______________________

4. Is the rock mafic or felsic? __________________ High density or low density? _____________

5. List the minerals that make up the rock. ______________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

5

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ESRT Page 6 Practice

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Igneous Rock Identification Lab

Introduction: Igneous rocks, also called volcanic rocks, are interesting to study. They can be

coarse gained ( intrusive ) or fine gained ( extrusive ). This texture is dependent on a rock’s rate

of cooling. They can also be light in color, intermediate in color, or dark in color. The color tells

you what minerals are present in the rock. Page 6 of your reference tables is essential for your

successful completion of this lab.

Materials: ESRT, Igneous rocks, cranial space full of gray matter.

Procedure:

1. You will be identifying 7 different igneous rocks in this lab. You must have your

EARTH SCIENCE REFERENCE TABLES ready before you can get your rock samples.

2. For PART 1, you will use a check list to help you identify 3 igneous rocks.

3. For PART 2, you will fill in a data table with the correct properties for rocks 4-7. You

will then use those properties to identify the rocks.

4. Answer all questions.

The following is a list of ways that you can improve your science lab

write-ups.

 I used complete sentences when appropriate.

 I answered all questions with complete ideas.

 I am neat, including using a pencil to erase mistakes.

 I reviewed the lab to make sure all questions are answered correctly.

 I asked the teacher for help when needed.

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Part 1: Select one rock at a time from the back of the classroom. Fill in or check the spaces in

the following chart for each of the rock samples.

ROCK 1 (check all that apply)

Color: ____ Dark ____Intermediate ____Light

Texture: ____ Coarse ____Fine ___ Glassy

____ Vesicular ____ Non-Vesicular

Rock Name: ________________________

3 possible minerals present: _____________ ______________ _____________

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ROCK 2 (check all that apply)

Color: ____ Dark ____Intermediate ____Light

Texture: ____ Coarse ____Fine ___ Glassy

____ Vesicular ____ Non-Vesicular

Rock Name: ________________________

3 possible minerals present: _____________ ______________ _____________

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ROCK 3 (check all that apply)

Color: ____ Dark ____Intermediate ____Light

Texture: ____ Coarse ____Fine ____Glassy (Glassy means no mineral crystals)

____ Vesicular ____ Non-Vesicular

Rock Name: ________________________

3 possible minerals present: _____________ ______________ _____________

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Part 2: Use your ESRT to identify the rocks below.

Igneous Rock Data Table

Rock #

Color

(light, intermediate,

or dark)

Texture

(glassy, fine, coarse,

vesicular, non-vesicular)

Intrusive

or

Extrusive

Mafic (oceanic)

or

Felsic (continental)

Rock Name

4

5

6

Dark in

color but

Felsic

7

Intermediate

(between Mafic and Felsic)

Questions: Answer the following questions.

1. How is the formation of intrusive igneous rocks different from the formation of extrusive

igneous rocks form?

___________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the relationship between cooling rate of igneous rocks and their crystal size?

The longer the cooling time, the ___________________ the mineral crystal size.

OVER FOR MORE 

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3. How are the rocks gabbro and granite similar?

________________________________________________________________________

4. Which 3 minerals do basalt and granite have in common?

________________________________________________________________________

5. Which rock will form if magma cools and hardens deep below the Earth’s surface

and contains only the minerals pyroxene and olivine?

_______________________________

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Igneous Rock Review Sheet

Formation of Igneous Rocks

Match each description to its term.

Description Term

_____1. the meaning of the Latin a. magma

word ignis

_____2. rocks that form when magma b. granite

hardens beneath Earth’s surface

_____3. rocks that form when lava hardens c. intrusive igneous

_____4. melted material beneath Earth’s d. lava

surface

_____5. melted material at Earth’s surface e. rhyolite

_____6. an intrusive igneous rock that f. fire

forms when magma cools slowly

beneath Earth’s surface

_____7. an extrusive igneous rock that g. extrusive igneous

forms when lava cools quickly

at Earth’s surface

Classification of Igneous Rocks

1. Give two characteristics used to classify igneous rocks are:

_________________________ and _________________________

2. Is the following sentence true or false?

Igneous rocks that are composed primarily of quartz and feldspar have a felsic

composition. ______________________

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3. Circle the minerals that are found in andesite.

a. amphibole c. pyroxene e. olivine

b. biotite d. plagioclase feldspar f. potassium feldspar

4. Peridotite is composed almost entirely of dark silicate minerals. Its chemical composition

is referred to as ______________________.

5. Circle the statements that are TRUE about the texture of igneous rocks.

a. Slow cooling results in rocks with small, interconnected mineral grains.

b. Rapid cooling of magma or lava results in rocks with small, interconnected

mineral grains.

c. A glassy texture is the result of lava that has cooled very slowly.

d. Vesicular rocks have gas pocket holes.

e. Glassy rocks are non-crystalline.

6. Describe 2 ways GRANITE is different than BASALT.

7. How is continental crust different from oceanic crust?

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Bowen’s Reaction Series

Norman Bowen was a scientist who studied how igneous rocks formed. He experimented with

laboratory melts of igneous rocks in the 1920s and 1930s and discovered an experimental

crystallization sequence of minerals that matched what was observed in nature. Bowen ground up

actual igneous rocks, along with mixtures of chemicals, and melted them in a very strong container

under high temperatures and pressures. Like all igneous rocks that form from liquid magma or lava,

Bowen’s experimental samples formed igneous rocks and how they formed with various compositions

is outlined in the chart below. Depending on the original melt’s composition, how fast it cooled and if

any elements where removed during cooling, different igneous rocks with different compositions will

form.

Questions

1. Describe what the chart above is illustrating. Be specific with details.

_____________________________________________________________________________

OVER

1200°C

600°C

Form at

higher

pressure

Form at

lower

pressure

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2. In any good experiment there is an independent variable and a dependent variable that a

scientist is studying. In Bowen’s reactions series, the independent variable is temperature.

What is the dependent variable? Explain your choice.

_____________________________________________________________________________

3. Describe the temperature and pressure conditions shown in Bowen’s Reaction Series that

explain why olivine and quartz are not usually found in the same igneous rock.

_____________________________________________________________________________

4. Using the chart, identify one similarity and one difference between the igneous rocks basalt

and andesite.

_____________________________________________________________________________

5. Granite and gabbro both form slowly deep underground. When brought to the surface of the

Earth, granite is more stable and lasts longer than gabbro. Why?

_____________________________________________________________________________

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The Granite Countertop

You have been hired to determine the square footage and cost of the countertop outlined below. The

buyer wants to use granite for the countertop. Your task is to determine the minimum whole square

footage of granite needed and then provide quotes on the cost of 3 different types of granite

countertop. Make sure you take into account the area of the sink and cooktop stove when

determining your square footage. It is recommended that you convert the measurements below

from inches to feet before you calculate the surface area. You will need to do a little research to

determine the cost of granite per square foot. Check out this website to see some prices:

www.pacificgranitemn.com

Square Footage: ______________________

Granite Type and Cost

Include type of granite and cost for each quote below. You

can only purchase countertop in whole square feet. You will

have to round your square footage up first!

Low Cost Quote 1: __________________________________

Med Cost Quote 2: __________________________________

High Cost Quote 3: __________________________________

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QUESTIONS – The Company of Rocks

1. What is the first thing that comes to mind after reading this article?

_____________________________________________________________________________

2. Compare the “lifespan” of a rock to the lifespan of a human (think time).

_____________________________________________________________________________

3. Find 2 terms that we have not seen in class. Define them.

1. ______________________ - ______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________ - ______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

4. The author tells a story about rocks. How do the rocks tell their own story?

_____________________________________________________________________________

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Directions

First, go through the

PowerPoint online. Then,

using the chart below, fill in

the percentages of the

minerals found in the rocks

indicated by each line.

Identify the density, color,

and composition of each

rock. Use your reference

tables for a clearer copy of

page 6.

Composition of Igneous Rocks with PowerPoint

%

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Igneous Rock Regents Diagrams- What are they telling me?

For each of the following diagrams, give an explanation of what you think the diagram is

showing. Then write one question the regents exam might ask you based on the diagram.

Diagram #1

Explanation:____________________________________

_______________________________________________

Question:

_____________________________________________________________________________

Diagram #2

Explanation:_______________________________

_________________________________________

________________________________________

Question:

_________________________________________

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Diagram #3

Explanation:__________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Question:

_____________________________________________________________________________

Diagram # 4

Explanation:__________________________________________

____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Question:

____________________________________________________

Crystals

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Diagram #5

Explanation:__________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Question:

_____________________________________________________________________________